10 pono o ka compost organik

Ua kapa ʻia kēlā me kēia ʻano mea ola (puʻi kalapona) i hoʻohana ʻia i mea hoʻomomona.No laila he aha ka mea hiki ke hana i ka compost?

1. E hoʻonui i ke ʻano agglomerate o ka lepo

Hoʻokumu ʻia ka hoʻohuihui lepo e kekahi mau ʻāpana lepo hoʻokahi i hoʻopaʻa ʻia ma ke ʻano he agglomerate o kahi ʻano lepo.Hoʻokumu ʻia nā pores liʻiliʻi ma waena o nā hua hoʻokahi a ua hana ʻia nā pores nui ma waena o nā agglomerates.Hiki i nā pores liʻiliʻi ke mālama i ka makū a hiki i nā pores nui ke mālama i ka aeration.ʻO nā ʻāina agglomerate e hōʻoia i ka ulu ʻana o ke aʻa maikaʻi a kūpono no ka mahi ʻana a me ka ulu ʻana.ʻO ke kuleana o ka hale agglomerate i ka momona o ka lepo.

① Hoʻohui ia i ka wai a me ka ea.

② Hoʻoponopono ia i ka hakakā ma waena o ka ʻai ʻana a me ka hōʻiliʻili ʻana o nā meaʻai i loko o ka mea ola o ka lepo.

③ hoʻopaʻa i ka wela o ka lepo a hoʻoponopono i ka wela o ka lepo.

④ Hoʻomaikaʻi i ka mahiʻai ʻana a maʻalahi i ka hoʻonui ʻana i nā aʻa hua.

2. E hoʻomaikaʻi i ka permeability a me ka looseness o ka lepo

ʻO nā lau o nā kumulāʻau hua e omo i ke kalapona kalapona a hoʻokuʻu i ka oxygen;ʻūhū nā aʻa i ka oxygen a hoʻopuka i ke kalapona kalapona.No ka hoʻokō ʻana i ka pōʻai meaʻai maʻamau, pono e loaʻa i nā aʻa hanu pāpaʻu ka lawa o ka oxygen, kahi e pono ai ka lepo e loaʻa ka looseness a me ka permeability.Pili ka lepo i ka nui o nā ʻāpana lepo a ua hoʻololi ʻia e ka wai o ka lepo, ka mahana, ke kaomi lewa, a me ka mahana o ka ea.Ua ʻike ʻia ka ʻae ʻana o ka lepo, ʻo ia ka hana o ka hoʻololi like ʻana o ka ea lepo me ka lewa, a i ʻole ka wikiwiki o ke komo ʻana o ka lewa i ka lepo.He pili pili loa ia i ke ʻano o ka lepo, ʻoi aku hoʻi i nā hiʻohiʻona pore, a ʻo nā lepo me kahi kiʻekiʻe o ka nui o ka porosity a i ʻole nā ​​pores nui i loaʻa ka permeability maikaʻi.No ka laʻana, ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ka permeability o nā lepo i kūkulu ʻia ma mua o nā lepo maikaʻi ʻole;ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ka lepo one ma mua o ka lepo lepo;ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o nā lepo me ka maʻamau haʻahaʻa ma mua o nā lepo momona;ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ka lepo ma mua o ka lepo lalo, etc.

3. E hoʻomaikaʻi i ka lepo a me ke kaulike o ka acidity a me ka alkalinity

ʻO ka ikaika o ka acidity lepo a me ka alkalinity e ana pinepine ʻia e ka pae o ka acidity a me ka alkalinity.He ʻakika a alkaline ka lepo no ka mea he liʻiliʻi nā ion hydrogen a me nā ion hydroxide i ka lepo.Ke ʻoi aku ka nui o nā ion hydrogen ma mua o ka nui o nā ion hydroxide, ua ʻakika ka lepo;ʻo ka mea ʻē aʻe, he alkaline;ina ua like na mea elua, ua ku ole.ʻO ka hapa nui o nā lepo ma Kina he 4.5 a 8.5 ka pH, me ka piʻi ʻana o ka pH mai ka hema a i ka ʻākau, e hana ana i kahi ʻano "south acid north alkaline".Ma muli o ka ʻokoʻa o ke aniau ma waena o ka ʻākau a me ka hema o Kina, ua pulu a ua ua ka hema a ʻo ka nui o ka ʻakika ka lepo, ʻoiai ua maloʻo a ua ua ka ʻākau a he alkaline ka lepo.ʻO nā ʻāina ʻakika nui a i ʻole ka alkaline e hoʻemi i ka maikaʻi o nā meaʻai lepo i nā ʻano like ʻole, e paʻakikī ai ke kūkulu ʻana i kahi ʻano lepo maikaʻi a ke kāohi nui nei i nā hana o nā microorganism lepo, e pili ana i ka ulu a me ka ulu ʻana o nā mea kanu like ʻole.

4. E hoʻomaikaʻi i ka maikaʻi o nā huahana mahiʻai

ʻO ka hoʻololi ʻana i nā ʻāpana organik nui o ka hua.

1) Mākū.Ma waho aʻe o ka chestnuts, ka walnuts a me nā huaʻai ʻē aʻe, a me nā hua maloʻo ʻē aʻe, ʻo ka nui o ka wai o nā hua he 80% a 90%.

2) kō, ʻakika.ʻO ke kō, ka nui o ka waika, a me ka ratio sugar-acid ka hōʻailona nui o ka maikaʻi o ka hua.ʻO ke kō i loko o ka hua a hiki i ka glucose, fructose, a me ka sucrose, loaʻa ka starch i loko o nā hua ʻōmaʻomaʻo ʻōpio, ʻokoʻa nā ʻano hua like ʻole i loaʻa nā kō, e like me ka hua waina, fig, cherries i ka glucose, fructose hou aku;peaches, plums, apricots i ka sucrose ma mua o ka ho'ēmi kō.Organicʻakika i loko o ka hua mea nui malic acid, citric acid, tartaric acid, apple, peach, peach to malic acid, citrus, pomegranate, fig, citric acid ka mea nui, ka waika i loko o ka hua i loko o ka hua'ōpiopio i ka wā o ka maʻiʻo. haʻahaʻa, me ka ulu ʻana o ka hua a hoʻomaikaʻi, kokoke i ke ʻano oʻo e like me ke substrate hanu a me ka decomposition.

3) pectin.ʻO ke kumu hopena o ka paʻakikī o ka hua ʻo ia ka ikaika hoʻopaʻa ma waena o nā pūnaewele, ka ikaika mechanical o nā mea hoʻohui pūnaewele, a me ke kaomi hoʻonui cell, ʻo ka ikaika hoʻopaʻa ma waena o nā pūnaewele i hoʻopili ʻia e ka pectin.Loaʻa ka pectin kumu hua ʻai ʻole ma ka paia mua o ka papa pectin i mea e hoʻopili ʻia ai nā keena, i ka wā e ulu ai ka hua, ma lalo o ka hana a nā enzymes i loko o ka pectin soluble a me ka pectinate, i palupalu ka ʻiʻo o ka hua.He hopena nui ka ʻike o ka cellulose a me ka calcium i ka paʻakikī o ka hua.

4) ka ʻala a me ke ʻala o ka hua.ʻO ka ʻala a me ka ʻala nā mea nui e hoʻoholo ai i ka maikaʻi o ka hua.Nui nā huaʻai i ka ʻono astringent, ka nui o nā mea tannin, ʻo ka citrus i ka ʻawaʻawa o ka mea nui he naringin.Loaʻa ka huaʻai i nā huaora, ʻo ka huaʻa A ʻo ia ka hua melemele i loaʻa ka nui o ka carotene, e like me ka apricot, loquat, persimmon, etc., prickly pear, date, Chinese kiwi, sea buckthorn he kiʻekiʻe kiʻekiʻe o ka vitamina C, aia ka chlorophyll i loko kiʻekiʻe ka hua ʻōpio, me ka ulu ʻana o ka hua, ua hoʻonui ʻia ka nui, akā ua emi ka ʻike o ka ʻāpana o ke kaumaha hou, ua kiʻekiʻe ka ʻili ma mua o ka puʻuwai o ka hua, ʻoi aku ka kiʻekiʻe o ka ʻaoʻao ma mua o ka ʻaoʻao backlight.

5) ka hoʻololi o ka puaʻa.ʻO ke kala o ka hua he chlorophyll, carotenoids, anthocyanins, anthocyanidin glycosides, a me nā flavonoids.ʻO ke ʻano o nā carotenoids he tetraterpene (C), aia he 500 mau ʻano, aia i loko o nā chloroplasts a me nā plastids, i hui pū ʻia me nā protein, loaʻa ke kuleana o ka pale ʻana i nā cell mai ka pōʻino māmā ikaika, i ka wā e oʻo ai ka hua, e emi ana ka chlorophyll, a hoʻonui ka carotenoids.

5. Nui nā meaʻai like ʻole

ʻAʻole i loaʻa i ka mea hoʻomomona organik wale nō nā mea olaola waiwai a me nā waikawa organik, e like me ka humic acid, nā amino acids, a me ka xanthic acid, akā loaʻa pū kekahi i nā ʻano mea nui, waena, a me nā ʻano mea, ʻoiai he haʻahaʻa ka ʻike akā ʻoi aku ka laulā.Ma keʻano laulā, nitrogen no nā lau lōʻihi, phosphorus no nā pua lōʻihi, potassium no nā hua lōʻihi;ʻO ka silika no nā aʻa, ka calcium no nā hua, ka magnesium no nā lau, ka sulfur no ka ʻono;hao no ka lau melemele, keleawe no ka lau lau, molybdenum no ka pua pua, zinc no na lau liilii, boron no na lau oili.

6. Me ka lōʻihi lōʻihi

ʻAʻole hiki ke hoʻoheheʻe ʻia ka mea kanu maoli maoli, a ʻaʻole hiki ke hoʻoheheʻe ʻia, no ka mea, ʻo ka mea kanu mea kanu i loko o ka nui o ka cellulose a me ka lignin ʻaʻole hiki ke hoʻoheheʻe ʻia e ka wai, pono ia ma o ka lepo microbial bacteria i ka decomposition, hoʻololi ʻia i nā amino acids a me nā carbohydrates e lilo. hoʻomoʻa ʻia e ka ʻōnaehana kumu o nā kumulāʻau hua, kahi hana lohi a mau loa.

7. Me ka pono

Hāʻawi ia i ka ikehu a me nā meaʻai no nā hana microbial lepo, hoʻoikaika i nā hana microbial, hoʻolalelale i ka decomposition o nā mea organik, hana i nā mea ikaika, a me nā mea ʻē aʻe hiki ke hoʻoikaika i ka ulu ʻana o nā mea kanu a hoʻomaikaʻi i ka maikaʻi o nā huahana mahiʻai, ʻaʻole ʻai wale i ka melon, ʻai i ka ʻala palaoa. , ʻO ka mea nui, ma o ka microbial decomposition o nā meaʻona organik hiki ke hoʻoikaika i ka coil i hoʻopaʻa ʻia i loko o nā mea mineral hiki ke hoʻopili piha ʻia a hoʻohana ʻia.

8. Me ka paʻa wai

Ua hōʻike ʻia ka ʻike noiʻi: i loko o ka organik compost humus i loko o nā lipids, waxes, a me nā resins, no ka mea i ke kaʻina o ka hoʻokumu ʻana i ka lepo me ka momona kiʻekiʻe, hiki i kēia mau mea ke komo i ka nui o ka lepo, no laila he hydrophobic, hoʻonāwaliwali i ke kaʻina hana o ka lepo a me ka nui o ka neʻe ʻana o ka wai capillary, no laila e hoʻemi ʻia ka evaporation o ka lepo lepo a hoʻonui ʻia ka paʻa wai o ka lepo, pēlā e hoʻomaikaʻi ai i ke kūlana o ka lepo.

Ua hōʻike ʻia nā haʻawina e pili ana i ka hydrophilicity a me ka hydrophobicity o humus e hoʻoholo ʻia e nā kaulahao ʻaoʻao ma nā ʻaoʻao o ka mole mole humic acid, a i ka wā liʻiliʻi ka degere o ka polymerization o ka molela humic acid, ke kiʻekiʻe o ka hōʻike ʻana o kāna kaulahao ʻaoʻao. ʻoi aku ka nui o nā pūʻulu, a aia ka pilina ʻokoʻa ma waena o lākou, me ka pilina ma waena o ka mea humic a me ka mole wai e hoʻoholo ai, i kekahi ʻano, nā waiwai wai o ka mea ola.

Hoʻopili ʻia ke ʻano agglomerate i ka ʻano mea ola o ka lepo a me ka nui o ka compost organik i hoʻohana ʻia.ʻO ke ʻano o ka agglomerate paʻa wai e hōʻoia i ka wehe ʻana o ka ʻili o ka lepo a hoʻomaʻamaʻa i ka permeability o ka lepo.Hōʻike ʻia kēia ʻano e nā agglomerates wehe a me kahi porosity non-capillary nui, e hōʻemi ana i ke kiʻekiʻe a me ka wikiwiki o ka neʻe ʻana o ka capillary wai i ka lepo a hoʻemi i ka evaporation o ka wai mai ka ʻili lepo.ʻOi aku ka nui o ka radius o ke ʻano o nā ʻāpana lepo me kahi ʻano agglomerate ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi ma mua o ka radius o ke ʻano o nā ʻāpana lepo me ka ʻilihune o ka agglomerate, aʻo ka wikiwiki o ka neʻe ʻana o ka capillary wai i hoʻohālikelike ʻia i ka radius o ka hui.

9. Me ka insulation

Loaʻa i ka compost organik ka hana o ka wela a me ka hoʻomehana ʻana, kahi mea e pono ai i ke aʻa e ulu ana a me ka ulu ʻana o nā kumulāʻau hua.ʻO ka compost i ke kaʻina o ka decomposition e hoʻokuʻu i kahi nui o ka wela, e hoʻomaikaʻi i ka mahana o ka lepo, i ka manawa like, ka mana wela o ka mea kanu, ka hana insulation maikaʻi, ʻaʻole maʻalahi e hoʻopili ʻia e ke anuanu o waho a me ka hoʻololi ʻana i ka wela, ka hau hoʻoilo. ka palekana, ka wela o ke kauwela, he mea maikaʻi loa ia i ka ulu ʻana o ke aʻa kumulāʻau hua, ka ulu ʻana, a me ka hoʻoilo.

10. E ho'āʻo i ka momona o ka lepo

He huaʻōlelo maʻamau ka mea ʻano lepo no ka mea i loko o ka lepo i loaʻa mai ke ola.ʻO ka lepo organik kahi mea nui o ka māhele paʻa o ka lepo a ʻo ia kekahi o nā kumu nui o ka meaʻai mea kanu, hoʻoikaika i ka ulu a me ka ulu ʻana o nā mea kanu, hoʻomaikaʻi i nā waiwai kino o ka lepo, paipai i nā hana o nā micro-organisms a nā mea ola lepo, e paipai ana i ka palaho ʻana o nā mea waiwai i loko o ka lepo a me ka hoʻomaikaʻi ʻana i ka momona a me ka hana paʻa o ka lepo.He pili pili loa ia i ke kūkulu ʻana, aeration, infiltration, a me nā waiwai adsorption a me nā waiwai buffering o ka lepo.ʻO ka maʻamau, hoʻopili maikaʻi ʻia ka maʻiʻo o ka mea ola me ke kiʻekiʻe o ka momona o ka lepo i loko o kekahi ʻano maʻiʻo, ma lalo o nā kūlana ʻē aʻe he like a like paha.

ʻO ka maʻiʻo o ka lepo kekahi o nā hōʻailona koʻikoʻi o ka momona o ka lepo, a hiki i ka compost organik ke hoʻonui i ka maʻi o ka lepo.

 
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