ʻO ka fermentation a me ka oʻo ʻana o nā mea kanu organik he hana paʻakikī.No ka loaʻa ʻana o kahi hopena hoʻopuehu maikaʻi loa, pono e mālama ʻia kekahi mau mea hoʻoikaika mua:
1. Lakiō kalapona me ka nitrogen
He kūpono no 25:1:
ʻO ka mea maikaʻi loa o ka wai wai aerobic maka (25-35): 1, ʻoi aku ka wikiwiki o ka hana fermentation, inā haʻahaʻa loa ka aerobic (20: 1), e kāohi ʻia ka hana hou ʻana o nā microorganism ma muli o ka lawa ʻole o ka ikehu.ʻO ka hopena, ua lohi a piha ʻole ka decomposition, a i ka nui o ka mauʻu mea kanu (maʻamau (6080): 1), pono e hoʻohui ʻia nā mea i loaʻa i ka nitrogen e like me ka manu kanaka a me nā holoholona, a hoʻololi ʻia ka ratio carbon-nitrogen i Pono ka 30: 1 i nā microorganisms.Nā hana e hoʻoikaika ana i ka palaho o nā mea ola i loko o ka compost a hoʻopōkole i ka manawa fermentation.
2. Māmā maʻemaʻe
50%~60%:
He mea koʻikoʻi ka mākū i ka hana compost.Pono nā hana ola microbial e hoʻopiha mau i ke kaiapuni a puni e komo i ka wai e mālama i ka metabolism maʻamau.Hiki i nā microorganisms ke komo wale i nā meaʻai hiki ke hoʻoheheʻe ʻia, a hiki ke maʻalahi ka mea compost ma hope o ka lawe ʻana i ka wai.Ke ʻoi aku ka nui o ka wai ma luna o 80%, hoʻopiha nā molekala wai i loko o nā ʻāpana a kahe i loko o nā ʻāpana inter-particle, e hōʻemi ana i ka porosity o ka waihona a me ka hoʻonui ʻana i ke kūʻē ʻana i ke kinoea a me ke kinoea hoʻoili nui, e hopena i kahi pūʻulu anaerobic kūloko. ʻAʻole kūpono ka hana o nā microorganism aerobic i ke kiʻekiʻe-mehana aerobic fermentation me ka wai ma lalo o 40%, kahi e hoʻonui ai i ka pore space o ka puʻu a hoʻonui i ka nalowale o nā mole wai, e hopena i ka hōʻiliʻili ʻana o ka nele o ka wai i ka wai. , ʻaʻole kūpono i ka hana o nā microorganisms a pili i ka fermentation.I loko o nā fertilizers, hiki ke hoʻohui ʻia i ka wai hou i ka mauʻu hua, sawdust, a me nā haʻiki bran.
3. Oxygen maʻiʻo
8%~18%:
ʻO ke koi o ka oxygen i loko o ka compost e pili ana i ka nui o nā mea ola i loko o ka compost.ʻOi aku ka nui o nā mea organik, ʻoi aku ka nui o ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka oxygen.Ma keʻano laulā, pili ka koi o ka oxygen i ka wā o ka compost i ka nui o ka carbon dioxide.ʻO ia ka hana decomposition o nā microorganism aerobic a pono i ka ea maikaʻi.Inā maikaʻi ʻole ka ea, ʻaʻole ʻia nā microorganism aerobic a ulu mālie ka compost.Inā kiʻekiʻe loa ka ea, ʻaʻole e nalowale ka wai a me nā meaʻai i loko o ka compost, akā, e hoʻoheheʻe ʻia nā mea organik, ʻaʻole kūpono i ka hoʻoulu ʻana o humus.
4. Ka wela
50-65°C:
I ka wā mua o ka hoʻopuehu ʻana, kokoke maʻamau ka mahana o ka puʻu i ka mahana ambient.Hoʻomaʻamaʻa wikiwiki ʻia ka mahana o ka compost e ka bacteria mesophilic no 1 a 2 mau lā, a hiki i ka mahana o ka puʻu i 50 a 65 ° C, i mālama mau ʻia no 5 a 6 mau lā.I mea e pepehi ai i ka bacteria pathogenic, nā hua pepeke, a me nāʻanoʻano mauʻu, e hoʻokō i nā hōʻailona pōʻino, a hoʻokō i ka hopena dehydration, ua hoʻohaʻahaʻa hope ʻia ka mahana e hāpai i ka hoʻololi ʻana o nā meaʻai a me ka hoʻokumu ʻana o humus.ʻO ka haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa e hoʻolōʻihi i ka manawa oʻo o ka compost, ʻoiai ke kiʻekiʻe loa o ka wela (> 70 ° C) e kāohi i ka ulu ʻana o nā microorganisms i loko o ka compost a alakaʻi i ka hoʻohana nui ʻana i nā mea organik a me ka nui o ka volatilization amonia, ka mea. pili i ka maikaʻi.compost.
5. pH
pH6-9:
ʻO PH kekahi o nā mea nui e pili ana i ka ulu ʻana o nā microorganisms.ʻO ka mea maʻamau, kūpono nā microorganisms ke kū ʻole ka pH a i ʻole ka alkaline iki.ʻO ke kiʻekiʻe a i ʻole ka haʻahaʻa o ka pH waiwai e hoʻopilikia i ka holomua o ka compost.He waiwai ia i ka cellulose a me ka protein.ʻO ka pH maikaʻi loa o nā holoholona a me nā manu moa ma waena o 7.5 a me 8.0, a ʻo ka nui o ka hoʻohaʻahaʻa ʻana o ka substrate ua aneane 0 ke emi ka pH ma mua o 5.0.I ka pH≥9.0, ua emi ka degradation rate o ka substrate a ua koʻikoʻi ka nalowale o ka amonia nitrogen.He koʻikoʻi ko ka pH waiwai i ka hana microbial a me ka ʻike nitrogen.ʻO ka maʻamau, pono ka pH waiwai o ka mea maka he 6.5.Hoʻokumu ʻia ka nui o ka amonia nitrogen i ka fermentation aerobic, kahi e hoʻonui ai i ka waiwai pH.Aia ke kaʻina hana fermentation holoʻokoʻa i loko o kahi ʻano alkaline me ka pH kiʻekiʻe.Hoʻonui ka pH waiwai i ka nalowale o ka nitrogen, a pono e nānā ʻia ka waiwai pH i ka fermentation wikiwiki o ka hale hana.
Kaomi e heluhelu i ka Māhele 1.
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Ka manawa hoʻouna: Apr-07-2022