He aha ka compost a pehea i hana ʻia ai?

ʻO ka compost kekahi ʻanomea hoʻomomona, i loaʻa i nā meaʻai momona, a he hopena fertilizer lōʻihi a paʻa.I kēia manawa, hoʻoikaika ia i ka hoʻokumu ʻana o ka lepo paʻa paʻa palaoa, a hoʻonui i ka hiki o ka lepo e mālama i ka wai, ka wela, ka ea, a me ka fertilizer.fertilizers kemikae hoʻolako i nā hemahema o ka meaʻai hoʻokahi i loko o nā mea kanu kemika, kahi e paʻakikī ai ka lepo a hoʻemi i ka hana o ka wai a me ka paʻa ʻana o ka mea kanu me ka hoʻohana lōʻihi.No laila, ma ka mōʻaukala, ua waiwai mau ka compost e ka ʻoihana kanu.

1.Pehea e hana ai i ka compost?

Ma ka ʻōlelo maʻamau, hana ʻia ka compost i nā koena holoholona a me nā mea kanu like ʻole (e like me ka mauʻu hua, nā mauʻu, nā lau, ka peat, ka ʻōpala, a me nā ʻōpala ʻē aʻe, a me nā mea ʻē aʻe. No ka mea, ʻo kāna mau mea compost a me nā loina, a me kāna ʻano a me nā waiwai o nā mea momona e like me ka manure, no laila ua kapa ʻia ʻo ia ʻo ka manure mahiʻai.

He lōʻihi loa ka mōʻaukala o ka compost, a ʻo kāna ʻano hana maʻamau e pili ana i kēia mau ʻanuʻu:

1. ʻO ka ʻohi ʻana i nā mea waiwai: e hōʻiliʻili i nā ʻōpala kanu kūloko (e like me ka mauʻu, nā kumu waina, nā mauʻu, nā lau hāʻule o nā kumulāʻau), ka hana ʻana a i ʻole nā ​​ʻōpala home (e like me ka ʻōpala loko, ʻohi ʻōpala, a me nā mea ʻē aʻe), a me nā ʻōpala mai ka iʻa. ʻOhi ʻia a hoʻohana ʻia ka ʻōpala o nā holoholona, ​​​​ka wai ʻōpala holoi, a me nā mea ʻē aʻe) a hoʻohana ʻia ma ke ʻano he kumu no ka hoʻopuehu ʻana;

2. ʻO ka hana ʻana i nā mea maka: e ʻoki pono i nā ʻōpala mea kanu, nā ʻōpala, nā lālā, a me nā mea ʻē aʻe, a ʻokiʻoki iā lākou i ka lōʻihi o 3 a 5 iniha.

3. Ka hui ʻana o nā mea maka: Ua hui pono ʻia nā mea maka a pau, a e hoʻohui kekahi poʻe i ka nui kūpono o ka cyanamide calcium e hoʻoikaika i kāna fermentation.

4. Ka hoʻopuehu ʻana a me ka fermentation: Uhi ʻia e nā moena haʻihaʻi, nā ʻōpala, ka mauʻu a i ʻole ka lole palaki e pale aku ai i ka nalowale ʻana o ka momona, a waiho ʻia i loko o kahi hale hoʻopuehu ka mea maikaʻi loa.Inā ʻaʻohe hale hoʻopuehu, hiki ke koho ʻia ka composting open-air, akā pono ke koho ʻia kahi wahi kūpono e pale aku ai i ka nalowale o ka momona ma muli o ka lā, ka ua a me ka makani.

5. E hoʻololi i ka wai wai i oʻo: I mea e hoʻomaʻamaʻa pono ʻia ai ka compost i loko a me waho, pono e hoʻohuli ʻia ka compost i kēlā me kēia 3 ~ 4 pule.Ma hope o 3 mau mahina, hiki iā ʻoe ke hoʻomaka e hoʻohana.

2.Pehea e hana maikaʻi ai i ka compost?

Hiki ke hoʻokaʻawale ʻia ka compost i ʻelua mau ʻano: ka compost maʻamau a me ka compost wela kiʻekiʻe.Ua hele mai ka mea mua me ka mahana fermentation, a ʻoi aku ka kiʻekiʻe o ka mahana ma mua o ka fermentation.

ʻO ka compost maʻamau ʻo ia ke ʻano hana compost i hoʻohana ʻia e ka ʻoihana kanu no nā makahiki he mau kaukani.Ma kēia ʻano hana, e hoʻohana ana i ka hui ʻana maʻalahi, ka hoʻopaʻa ʻana a me ka fermentation kūlohelohe, hiki ke kapa ʻia ʻo "waterlogged composting".He lōʻihi loa ke kaʻina hana a pau, me ka ʻala nui i ka wā o ka fermentation, a me ka lilo ʻana o nā meaʻai nui.No laila, ʻaʻole kēia ke ʻano hana compost hou a mākou e mālama nei i kēia manawa.

ʻO ka puʻu compost ma kēia kiʻi ʻoi aku ka maʻamau, kahi kokoke i ka mahiʻai a i ʻole ka māla ʻai me kahi wahi ākea liʻiliʻi, ma ka huki ʻana i ka manure, mauʻu, a me nā mea ʻē aʻe a me ka hoʻopaʻa ʻana i waena ma kahi hoʻokahi.Ma kekahi wahi ʻē aʻe, pono e hoʻopaʻa ʻia no kekahi mau mahina ma mua o ka hoʻohana ʻana.

No ka compost me ka wela kiʻekiʻe, makemake ʻia ka ferment. ʻanoʻano .ʻO kēia ke ala kūpono e hana ai i ka compost i kēia manawa, a ʻo ia hoʻi ka ʻāpana i wehewehe kikoʻī ʻia o kēia ʻatikala.

E like me ke koho ʻana i nā mea hana, ʻelua ʻano hana no ka hoʻopuehu ʻana i ka wela kiʻekiʻe: ke ʻano hoʻopaʻa semi-pit a me ke ʻano hoʻopaʻa lepo.

Ua hoʻololi ʻia ke ʻano semi-pit stacking i loko o kahi pahu fermentation ma hope o ka hana ʻana o ka hale hana, kahi kūpono i ka hana mechanized a hoʻomaikaʻi i ka pono.

Pono nō hoʻi ke ʻano o ka hoʻopaʻa ʻana i ka lepo i ka hui pū ʻana o nā mea hana compost e hoʻomaikaʻi ai i ka hana hana.

Hiki iā ʻoe ke ʻike he ʻokoʻa ka hoʻopulapula organik hou mai ke ʻano kuʻuna.

ʻO ka papa hoʻohālikelike e hōʻike ana i nā ʻokoʻa ma ke ʻano maʻalahi:

ʻO ka mea i luna nei he hoʻohālikelike maʻalahi o nā ʻano o ka "organic compost" i hana ʻia e nā ʻano ʻelua, akā ʻaʻole ākea.Akā hiki iā mākou ke ʻike i ka ʻokoʻa.ʻOiaʻiʻo, iā ʻoe ke hoʻoholo i ke ala ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi.

Hiki iā mākou ke ʻike mai ka papa ʻaina he ʻano like nā mea maka i hoʻohana ʻia i ka fermentation.

ʻO ke kumu, ʻo ka hana ʻana, ʻo ke ʻano o ka hoʻoulu ʻana i ka wela nui i hana i nā hoʻomaikaʻi.Hoʻohui ʻia nā ʻōpala, nā ʻōmaʻomaʻo, nā nāhelehele a me nā mea kanu ʻē aʻe me ka lepo, nā feces kanaka, nā ʻōpala, etc.…

Nā koi hoʻopaʻa: E hoʻohui i nā ʻano mea maka e like me ka hiki;ʻo ke kiʻekiʻe o ka puka makani compost maʻamau he 80-100 cm;ʻaʻole i emi iho ka wai ma lalo o 35% a ʻaʻole iʻoi aku ma mua o 60%;mālama maikaʻi i ka ea.

Kumu kumu: E hoʻohana i ka bacteria aerobic no ka fermentation maikaʻi, e hoʻoheheʻe koke i nā ʻano mea olaola, e hana i nā meaʻai molekala liʻiliʻi a me ka humus, a hana i nā ʻano microbial metabolites i ka manawa like, kahi kūpono i ke kanu ʻana i ka meaʻai, ka pale aʻa a me ka hoʻomaikaʻi ʻana i ka lepo. .

Ka hōʻuluʻulu manaʻo: ka nānā ʻana (ka ʻohi ʻana)-mixing-fermentation (huli i ka puʻu)-maturity-(modulation) -huahana hoʻopau.Ke hoʻohālikelike ʻia me nā kaʻina hana ʻē aʻe, ʻoi aku ka maʻalahi o kēia kaʻina hana.ʻO ke kumu ʻenehana ʻo "fermentation (huli i ka puʻu)".

Pili loa ka fermentation compost me ka bacteria fermentation, ka mahana, ka haʻahaʻa, ka manawa, ke ʻano, ka nui, a me ka manawa huli o nā substrates fermentation.

Ua loaʻa iā mākou kekahi mau pilikia a i ʻole hoʻomaopopo ʻole i ka hana maoli o nā pūnaewele fermentation, a e koho mākou i kekahi mau kumu nui e kaʻana like me ʻoe:

• ʻAikena fermentation: ʻAʻole i ka lōʻihi e hiki ai i ka fermentation ke hoʻohua i ka wela kiʻekiʻe ʻo ia ka "mea fermentation maikaʻi".Hoʻohana wale ʻia nā hua bacteria maʻalahi loa, a ʻo ka mea maoli, he 1 a 2 wale nō ʻano o nā hua bacteria fermentation e hana nei.ʻOiai hiki iā ia ke hana i nā hopena wela kiʻekiʻe, he haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa i ka decomposition a me ke oʻo ʻana o nā mea ʻē aʻe, a ʻaʻole kūpono ka hopena composting.No laila, ʻo ka mea hana fermentation kūpono ke koho maikaʻi loa!

• Ke kānana ʻana i nā mea maka: Ma muli o nā kumu like ʻole o ka fermentation maka, hiki ke loaʻa nā pōhaku, metala, aniani, plastik a me nā mea ʻē aʻe.No laila, pono e hoʻopau ʻia ke kaʻina kānana ma mua o ka hana ʻana i ka compost.pono ke kaʻina kānana i mea e pale ai i ka hōʻeha pilikino a me ka pōʻino o nā lako, a me ke kiʻekiʻe o ka huahana.I ka hana ʻana, nui nā mea kanu hana "manaʻo he pilikia", a ʻoki i kēia kaʻina hana, a laila nalowale loa.
• Nā koi haʻahaʻa: ʻaʻole i emi iho ma mua o 40%, ʻaʻole i kiʻekiʻe ma mua o 60%. No ka mea, ʻoi aku ka kiʻekiʻe o ka haʻahaʻa ma mua o 60%, ʻaʻole kūpono ia i ke ola a me ka hana hou ʻana o ka bacteria aerobic.ʻAʻole nānā nui nā mea hana i ka mālama ʻana i ka wai, e alakaʻi ana i ka hāʻule ʻole o ka fermentation.

• Fermentation huli compost: He nui nā mea hana ʻaʻole e hana i ka hoʻololi ʻana i ka makani i ka wā e piʻi ai ka waihona fermentation i 50-60 ℃ i ke kaʻina hana fermentation.Eia kekahi, nui nā "ʻenehana" alakaʻi i kā lākou mea kūʻai aku ma ka ʻōlelo ʻana "ma ka maʻamau, ʻoi aku ka nui o ka fermentation ma luna o 56 ℃ no 5-6 mau lā, a ua lawa ka mahana wela o 50-60 ℃ no 10 mau lā."

ʻOiaʻiʻo, aia kahi kaʻina hana pre-fermentation wikiwiki i ka wā o ka fermentation, a e piʻi wikiwiki ka mahana, pinepine ma mua o 65 ° C.Inā ʻaʻole i hoʻohuli ʻia ka compost i kēia manawa, ʻaʻole e hana ʻia ka compost organik kiʻekiʻe.

No laila, ke piʻi ka mahana o ka compost i 60 ℃, pono e hoʻohuli ʻia ka compost.ʻO ka maʻamau ma hope o 10 mau hola, e hōʻea hou ka mahana o ka compost i kēia mahana, a laila pono e hoʻohuli hou ʻia.Ma hope o ka hele ʻana ma waena o 4 a 5 mau manawa, ke mālama ʻia ka mahana o ka reactor fermentation ma 45-50 ℃, a ʻaʻohe piʻi hou.I kēia manawa, hiki ke hoʻonui ʻia ka hoʻohuli ʻana i ka compost i kēlā me kēia 5 lā.

ʻIke loa, ʻaʻole hiki ke hoʻohana i ka mana kanaka e hana i ka nui o ka compost.ʻAʻole pono kēia i ka nui o ka manpower a me ka manawa, ʻaʻole kūpono ka hana ʻana i ka hopena compost.No laila, e hoʻohana mākou i kahi mīkini hoʻololi hoʻolaʻa e hana.

3.Pehea e koho ai amīkini hoʻohuli i ka compost organik?

Aia nā ʻano nui o nā mīkini hoʻohuli wai wai: ʻauwaha compost turner a me nā mea hoʻohuli wai wai hoʻoneʻe ponoʻī.Pono ka 'auwaha compost turner i kahi kūikawā kūikawā a me ka hoʻohana nui ʻana, ka hale paʻakikī a me ke kumu kūʻai kiʻekiʻe o ka hana.

Paʻa ponoʻīnā mea huli wai waiʻoi aku ka ʻoi aku o ka mea hoʻololi compost ʻano straddle, ʻo kekahi o nā hiʻohiʻona kaulana loa o nā mea huli wai wai hoʻoneʻe ponoʻī, ʻo ia ka mea i ʻoi aku ka holomua ma mua o nā ʻano ʻano ʻē aʻe.

He kiʻekiʻe loa kāna hana hana, akā he haʻahaʻa ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka ikehu. ʻO ka hana, mālama a me ka mālama ʻana he maʻalahi a maʻalahi hoʻi, hiki ke mālama i ka nui o ke kumukūʻai a me ka manawa.Ke hilinaʻi nei lākou i kā lākou huila ponoʻī a i ʻole nā ​​​​alahele no ka neʻe ʻana ma luna o nā makani makani i hoʻopaʻa ʻia, a me nā wili hydraulic a kāʻei hoʻokele a i ʻole nā ​​mea ʻai rotary ma lalo o ka fuselage e hoʻohuli i nā waihona.Ma hope o ka huli ʻana, ua hoʻokumu ʻia kahi puka makani hou, a aia ia i loko o kahi kūlana fluffy a wehe ʻole, e hana ana i kahi kūlana aerobic maikaʻi no ka fermentation o nā mea, kahi kūpono loa i ka hana a me ka fermentation o ka compost organik.

Ma ke ʻano he mea hana compost turner akamai,TAGRMua hoʻokumu i kahi mea hoʻololi koʻikoʻi koʻikoʻi loa e like me nā hiʻohiʻona o ka hana compost a me nā pono maoli o nā mea kūʻai:M3600.Ua lako ia me ka 128HP (95KW) gasoline engine, ke ala kila i uhiia me ka pale lima lima. 'O kona laula hana he 3.4 mika, a he 1.36 mika ke ki'eki'e hana, hiki ia ia ke hana i 1250 cubic mika o ka organic compost i ka hora, a lako me ka ʻokoʻa o nā poʻo ʻokiʻoki kūʻokoʻa, hiki iā ia ke ʻoki a hana i ka compost o nā mea like ʻole, ʻoi aku ka nui o ka haʻahaʻa kiʻekiʻe, kiʻekiʻe viscosity manure, sludge a me nā mea maka.He mea maʻalahi ke hoʻohui piha i ka oxygen a hoʻolalelale i ka fermentation compost.Eia kekahi, ʻo kāna cockpit kūʻokoʻa he kahua maikaʻi o ka ʻike a me ka ʻike hoʻokele ʻoluʻolu.

Inā he nīnau ʻē aʻe paha kāu, e ʻoluʻolu e kelepona mai iā mākou ma kēia mau ala:
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